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一．高考考点分解：
名词的数量及用法可谓纷繁庞大，高考题每一年都有对名词的考核。近几年考卷对该部分的纯真考核在逐步减少，但有向完型填空和漫笔改错等题型迁徙的特性。有关名词的考核应蕴涵以下考点：
1名词的数 2名词的格（统统格）
3名词做定语的情势
4在必然语境中名词的词意辨析
5链接语法：主谓分歧
冠词应侧重把握以下知识点：
1、 定冠词the、不定冠词a/an以及零冠词的普通用法；
2、 冠词的风俗用法和特别用法。
二．知识布局梳理：
一）名词
名词是表示人，事物，地点或笼统观点的称呼的词。
名词 专驰名词 Mary, Beijing 不成数名词
浅显名词 物质名词 water, sand
笼统名词 happiness, success
个人名词 family, team
可数名词
个别名词 book, pen, man
I. 名词的数
在熟谙名词双数变双数法则的根本上，凸起以下几点：
1．重视以下名词数的观点
1.1. 以s末端，仍为双数的名词(多为学科名词)， 如：
physics, linguistics, mathematics, politics, statistics, news , the United States
1.2. 笼统名词：表示详细或特定时，后面应有不定冠词
a pleasure/pity/surprise/success/failure/shame
/an honor
a bright future, a strong character, a great help, a waste of time, a knowledge of English
1.3 总称名词：表示一类事物的总称，不克不及加s
machinery, furniture, equipment, technology, luggage, baggage, homework, evidence
1.4双数和双数情势表达分歧的意义
chicken鸡肉 / chickens小鸡; fish鱼肉 / fishes( fish )各种鱼; paper纸 / papers试卷; water水 / waters水域，room空间/ rooms房间
1.5只需双数情势的名词，如
glasses （眼镜）,trousers, clothes，scissors等，重视加单位名词的用法：a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers
1.6 情势上虽是双数，但表示的是双数含义
people , police, cattle, staff, public, the adj., the 分词;（表示一类人）
1.7 以双数情势呈现，表达双数含义
belongings, surroundings, earnings, savings, shoes, socks, goods, thanks, congratulations, funds, pains, arms, troops
2.调集名词的数
重视主谓分歧：当作一个团体时，谓语用双数，，若侧重各个成员，则用双数
eg: a) The average family is a great deal smaller than it used to be.
b) My family are going with me.
3. 单双数同形的名词
fish, deer, sheep, youth, Chinese, Japanese, means, species, crossroads, series, works
eg: How many deer are there in Dafeng now?
4 由连字符构成的复合名词的数:
a)分解名词的双数情势凡是只将此中的主体名词变成双数：
lookers-on 观光者 sons-in-law 半子 editors-in-chief主编 shoe-makers 鞋匠
b)如果没有主体名词，在最后一个词上加双数词尾：
go-betweens 中间人 grown-ups 成人 follow-ups 续集 good-for-nothings 饭桶
c) man, woman, gentleman等作定语时定语和被润色词都变成双数：
men workers women teachers gentlemen officials
5.不法则名词的数:
常常利用窜改元音字母或词尾加en的体例构成
woman -women, child-children, ox -oxen, tooth -teeth, goose -geese,
foot -feet, mouse -mice, phenomenon-phenomena, analysis-analyses,
6 .专驰名词的数
史女人一家人 the Smiths 两个玛丽 two Marys
7.非名词类词汇的数:
缩写，数字，字母的双数常常利用加s的体例来构成
three as; two buts; in ones twenties; in the 1980s(1980s)
e.g 1) Nothing is in good order but at sixes and sevens. 整齐不齐
2)You mightnt as well use so many ands in your conversation.
8 牢固布局中名词的数
1) take pains 吃力做 2) make arrangements 安排3)make preparations筹办 4)keep on good terms with 和或人相处和谐5)be in high / low spirits精力昂扬的 6)extend thanks to 表达谢意
7)by means of 经由过程体例 8)give regards of 向或人问好 9) give respects to尊敬
II. 名词统统格
英语中有些名词能够加's来表示统统干系，带这类词尾的名词情势称为该名词的统统格，如：a teacher's book。名词统统格的法则以下：
1） 双数名词词尾加's，双数名词词尾没有s，也要加's，如the boy's bag 男孩的书包，men's room 男厕所。
2） 若名词已有双数词尾-s ，只加 ' ，如：the workers' struggle 工人的妥协。
3） 复合名词和短语的统统格在最后的词后面加s, 如 her brother-in-laws bike, someone elses keys a day or twos rest
4） 凡不克不及加's的名词，都能够用名词 of 名词的布局来表示统统干系，如：the title of the song 歌的名字。
5) 别离格
如果两个名词并列，并且别离有's，则表示别离有；只需一个's，则表示'共有'。
John's and Mary's rooms（两间） John and Mary's room（一间）
6) 省略格：
在表示店铺或教堂,诊所的名字或或人的家时，名词统统格的后面常省略它所润色的名词，
在诊所at the doctors 在我姐家at my sisters
7)两重格：
of 名词s 布局， 如 a friend of my fathers , works of Lu Xuns
重视：当of 之前的名词是picture, portrait等词时含义分歧
eg: This is a picture of my friends. 这是我朋友保藏的一幅画
This is a picture of my friend. 这是我朋友的一张照片
III. 名词的润色语
1. 有些直接用名词来润色名词
金戒指 gold ring; 物理尝试室 physics lab;
咖啡杯coffee cup; 油壶 oil pot;
苹果籽 apple seeds；
2. 关于表示数量（很多）的润色语（分类）：
A)a good many B)a good many of C) a number of D) numbers of E) a great deal of
F) a large amount of G) a large quantity of H) large quantities of I) a lot of
J) lots of K) more than one L) many a M)a few N)a little
（思虑）1)_______________students _____________the students ___________student
2) _______________ news ______________wood
IV.名词用法（比较）
1词义辨析 2名词的牢固搭配 ★在特定语境中对名词辨析才气才气纵横的考核该当作复习备考的一个重点。
二）冠词
I.不定冠词（a/an）
1、根基用法：表泛指，
2、请重视以下一些特别用法：
(1) 用于不成数的笼统名词前；（见名词）
(2) 用于某些物质名词前；
a coffee 一杯咖啡; a tea 一杯茶;a heavy rain 一场大雨; a strong wind 一种激烈的决定信念
(3) 用于专驰名词前；
a Mr. Green ; a Mary： a Shakespeare of China 中国的莎士比亚
(4) 用于某些牢固布局中：
once upon a time , have a rest , take a bath , in a hurry ,
all of a sudden , as a matter of fact , Its a pity that .
(5) 用于两重润色布局中：so / as / that / too / how adj. a / an n.
(重视) George tries to be as ____ ____ ______(一名好教员) as possible
(6) 用于表最初级含义的句型: 否定意义的词 ．．．．．． a /an 比较级；
（思虑）：没有人比我的童年过的更幸运。_______________________________
II. 定冠词(the)
A)、根基用法：用于各种名词前，表特指。
1、Where are the other students? Can you swim in the river?(比较：in a river)
2、the sun, the moon, the earth, the world, the sky(思虑：a blue sky?)
3、I have bought a book and a pen. The book is for my sister.
4、the second sentence, in the east (比较：east of); A bird is flying through the air.
5、The horse is a useful animal. (比较：A horse is useful./ Horses are useful animals.)
6、the people, the Americans, the policeman, the public,
7、The rain is falling. The wind is blowing.
8、Shanghai is the London of China. the Venice of the East .
9、请经由过程以下句式布局体味the的特指用法：
We are living a happy life. The life we are living is happy.
They made rapid progress last term. The progress they made last term was rapid.
B)定冠词在一些特别布局中的用法：
1、in the 数词双数式：in the early 1920s
2、the 比较级 , the 比较级 ：; 越; 就越
3、the 姓氏双数：如the Greens, 格林一家
4、the adj.; the 分词; the rich 穷人; the living 生者;
5、by the 单位名词：如by the hour,
6、v. sb. prep. the 人体各部位：caught me by the arm.. 抓住了我的手臂;
7.、play the 乐器称呼，如：play the piano.弹钢琴.
8．用在惯用语中。比方：
in the day, in the morning （afternoon，evening）, the day after tomorrow
the day before yesterday, the next morning, in the sky （water，field，country）
in the dark, in the rain, in the distance, in the middle （of）, in the end,
on the whole, by the way, go to the theatre
III、零冠词：
1、零冠词的根基用法：普通性的泛指，乃至表笼统意义。
2、双数可数名词、不成数名词前不消冠词，表示泛指；
如：Horses are useful animals.
(思虑： A horse is useful. / The horse is a useful animal)
3、称呼语或表示头衔的名词前不消冠词；
○1. We made him president of USA. ○2. Whos this, Mother?
4、球类活动、棋类活动和三餐前不消冠词；
如：Have you had supper?
5、表示季候、月份，礼拜或含day表节日的名词前不消冠词；
如：March, Christmas, Womens Day (但是：the Spring Festival )
6、后面已经有人称代词、唆使代词或不定代词作定语的名词前不消冠词；
如：his book; that cat; any people
7、by car, by bus, by bike, by train, on foot
(思虑：take a taxi, take a bus, in the car)
8、某些习语，牢固短语或牢固布局中不消冠词。
○1 husband and wife, knife and fork, face to face, side by side
○2 to church, at home, at night, at school, go to school, in hospital, at table
(思虑：to the church, go to the school, in the hospital, at the table)
○3 Child as he is, he knows a lot of English.
(但是：A lovely girl she is, .)
At last, she turned doctor. (但是：She became a doctor.)
三 典范例题阐发
I.随堂例题分解：
1. He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his __________ was seen at its best when he worked with others.
A. temper B. appearance
C. talent D. character
2. Bill was doing a lot of physical exercise to build up his__________.
A. ability B. force
C. strength D. mind
3. The head office of the bank is in Beijing, but it has _______ all over the country.
A. companies B. branches
C. organizations D. businesses
4. My ________of this weekends activity is going out with some good friends.
A. idea B. opinion
C. mind D. thought
5. Niagara Falls is a great tourist _____________ drawing millions of visitors from all parts of the world every year.
A. interest B. view
C. scene D. attraction
6. How did you like the _________ of the interpreter at the Chinese FM press conference of 6-party talks on TV?
A. performance B. achievement
C. material D. words
7. Ill come and see you next Sunday.
Is that a _________? Dont disappoint me, I hope.
A. promise B. decision
C. request D. possibility
8. Before the final examination, many students have shown ________ of tension. Some have trouble in sleep while others have lost their appetite
A. anxiety B. marks
C. signs D. remarks
9. How is Tom getting along with his new job?
Perhaps he is very busy. __________ has come from him all the week.
A. A word B. No a word
C. No word D. No words
10. She is always ready to help people in trouble because she thinks it is a_____.
A. business B. reward
C. pleasure D. favor
11. As a result of the heavy snow, the highway has been closed up until further__________.
A. news B. information
C. notice D. message
12. In a time of social reform, peoples state of mind tends to keep __________ with the rapid changes of society.
A. step B. pace
C. progress D. touch
13. Well all have to bear it in __________ that self-confidence is the key point for a persons success.
A. head B. mind
C. heart D. brain
14. You should take the medicine after you read the __________.
A. introduction B. words
C. instructions D. suggestions
15. John tried hard to find a job in the sales department, but he had no ________.
A. chance B. time
C. money D. luck
16. She took _______ to study the problem.
A. much pain B. a lot of pain
C. pain D. great pains
17. The assignment for Thursday is to write _________ composition about your hometown.
A. a five-hundred-words
B. a five-hundred-word
C. a five-hundreds-word
D. a five-hundred-words
18. Its _________for a child to read.
A. a too difficult book
B. rather a difficult book
C. quite a difficult book
D. too difficult a book
19. Its _________ as the one we did last month.
A. as dangerous a job
B. as a dangerous job
C. so dangerous a job
D. such dangerous job
20. I called at ___________ three times the day before yesterday.
A. my teacher B. my teachers
C. my teachers D. the teacher of mine
Answers: DCBAD AACCC BBBCD DBDAC
【典范回眸】
1. The two were like ___ teacher and ___ student though they were the same age.
A. /; the B. /; /
C. the; the D. a; a
2. Many people agree that ___ knowledge of English is a must in ___ international trade.
A. a; / B. the; a
C. the; the D. /; the
3. Have you seen ___ pen? I left it here this morning.
Is it ___ black one? I think I saw it somewhere.
A. a; the B. the; the
C. the; a D. a; a
4. Paper money was in ___ use in China when Marco polo visited the country in ____ thirteen century.
A. the; / B. the; the
C. /; the D. /; /
5. Most animals have little connection with ___ animals of ____ different kind unless they kill them for food.
A. the; a B. /; a
C. the; the D. /; the
6. Jumping put of ___ airplane at ten thousand feet is quite ____ exciting experience.
A. /; the B. /; am
C. an; an D. the; the
7. The sigh reads In case of ___ fire, break the glass and push ___ red button.
A. /; a B. /; the
C. the; the D. a; a
8. When you come here for your holiday next time, dont go to ___ hotel; I can find you ___ bed in my flat.
A. the; a B. the; /
C. a; the D. a; /
9. Alexander Graham Bell invented ___ telephone in 1876.
A. / B. a
C. the D. one
10. Wouldnt it be ___ wonderful world if all nations lived in ___ peace with one another?
A. a, / B. the, /
C. a, the D. the, the
11. She is __ new comer to ___ chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries.
A. the, the B. the, /
C. a, / D. a, the
12. Many people are still in ___ habit of writing silly thing in ____ public places.
A. the, the B. /, /
C. the, / D. /, the
13. It is not rare in ___ that people in ___ fifties are going to university for further education.
A. 90s, their B. the 90s,
C. 90s, their D. the 90s, their
14. Four of Roberts children were at the party, including ____, Luke.
A. the oldest B. an oldest one
C. the old D. an old one
15. From ___ serious look on his face, I knew that he brought ____ news of great importance
A the, a B / , /
C the, the D the, /
ANSWERS: BADCB CBACA DCDAD
【才气才气纵横练习】
1. Tom owns ___ larger collection of ___ books than any other student in our class.
A. the; 不填 B. a; 不填 C. a; the D. 不填; the
2. If you buy more than ten, they knock 20 pence off ____.
A. a price B. price C. the price D. prices
3. When we got into ____ trouble, ___ number of people came to help me.
A. the; the B. a; a C. /; a D. /; the
4. For a long time they walked without saying ____ word. Jim was the first to break ___ silence.
A. the; a B. a; the C. a; / D. the; /
5. Father often says to me Be ____ honest boy today and ___ useful man tomorrow.
A. a; a B. an; an C. a; an D. an; a
6. What ___ honest boy your son is and what ___ fun he is.
A. a; a B. a; / C. an; a D. an; /
7. When he left ___ college, he got a job as ___ reporter in a newspaper office.
A. 不填; a B.不填; the C. a; the D. the; the
8. ___ rich used to look down upon _____ poor.
A. The; 不填 B. The; the C. A; a D. A; the
9. Id like ___ information about the management of your hotel, please.
Well, you could have ___ word with the manager. He might be helpful.
A. some; a B. an; some C. some; some D. an; a
10. They had to work from ___ morning till ____ night in order to pay off ___ debts.
A. the; the; the B. the; the; / C. /; /; the D. /; /; /
11. He was ___ medical student before he turned ___ engineer.
A. a; an B. the; the C. a; / D. /; an
12. Wouldnt it be ___ wonderful world if all nations lived in ___ peace with one another?
A. a; / B. the; / C. a; the D. the; the
13. Have you seen ___ Audi car I parked here?
Is it ___ black one? A young man has driven a black away.
A. an, a B. the, the C. the, a D. an, the
14. ___ Shanghai you see today is quite ___ different city from what it used to be.
A. The, / B. /, the C. The, a D. A, a
ANSWERS: BCCCD DABAC CAAC
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